Reminder duration determines threat memory modification in humans

Mappe:  Authors/ D.Schiller

Daniela Schiller.  Jun 2018

Memory reminders can return a memory into an unstable state such that it will decay unless actively restabilized into long-term memory through reconsolidation. Exposure to a memory reminder, however, does not always lead to destabilization. The ‘trace dominance’ principle posits that the extent of exposure to memory reminders governs memory susceptibility to disruption. Here, we provide a first systematic investigation of reminder duration effects on threat memory modification in humans. Reminder duration was parametrically varied across 155 participants in a three-day protocol. We found that short reminders (1 s and 4 s) made the memory prone to interference from post-retrieval extinction, suggesting that the memory had been updated. In contrast, no reminder or long reminders (30 s and 3 min) made the memory resistant to such interference, and robustly return. Reminder duration therefore influences memory stability and may be a critical determinant of therapeutic efficacy.

PTSD: Extinction, Reconsolidation, and the Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation Protocol

Mappe: teorier-protokolor/NLP/2012 a

Richard M. Gray 1 and Richard F. Liotta 1

Traumatology 18(2) 3–16 2012

Abstract Every year thousands of returning military, state, and local police officers and civilians of every description suffer from the intrusive symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Current treatments rooted largely in extinction protocols require extensive commitments of time and money and are often ineffective. This study reviews several theories of PTSD and two important mechanisms that explain when treatment does and doesn’t work: extinction and reconsolidation. It then reviews the research about and suggests an explanatory mechanism for the visual-kinesthetic dissociation protocol (V/ KD), also known as the rewind technique. The technique is notable for its lack of discomfort to the client, the possibility of being executed as a content-free intervention, its speed of operation, and its long-term, if largely anecdotal, efficacy. A case study, specific diagnostics for extinction, and reconsolidative mechanisms and suggestions for future research are pro

NLP and PTSD: The Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation Protocol

Richard Gray. 2011

Mappe: Terapier-protokoler/NLP/2011 a

The intrusive symptoms of PTSD Impact thousands of state and local police officers, armed service men and women and civilians of every description. Current treatments rooted in extinction protocols require extensive commitments of time and money and often have limited effectiveness. This study reviews two important mechanisms that explain when treatment does and doesn’t work: extinction and reconsolidation. It then reviews the research regarding and suggests an explanatory mechanism for the Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation Protocol, also known as the Rewind Technique. The technique is notable for its lack of discomfort to the patient, the possibility of being executed as a content free intervention, its speed of operation and its long term, if largely anecdotal, efficacy. Specific diagnostics for extinction and reconsolidative mechanisms and suggestions for future research are provided.